Representations of Australia and its Soldiers essays

Representations of Australia and its Soldiers essays Different people think differently of Australia and its soldiers in the First World War. They have been depicted differently by many sources. It is obvious that there is a general opinion that the Australian soldiers at Gallipoli were eager, determined and very brave. But some have described them in a very different way. In the film Gallipoli, the character of Archy is seen to be a determined and brave young man who lost his life in what seemed a useless attack on the Turks. Frank is a cautious and sometimes bad tempered man who is also very brave and had to run through places where snipers could easily get him. He doesnt die but did a lot to help the Australians. These two, though, also had some bad points. They scratched their names on the pyramids, Frank started to argue with a shopkeeper and Archy shouldnt have been at the war at all because he was underage. In a book called Australia and the Great War, one extract says that Australians were riotous, undisciplined, loutish and disobedient. They supposedly had wild donkey ides, riots in Brothels, threw drivers off trams, scratched their names on the pyramids and had fights with shop owners. In a newspaper article, Australian soldiers are said to have made an inspiring scene in which to make her European debut as a fighting unit of the Empire. They say that after already doing this they should get all the Australians back home. In Gallipoli, once again, you get the idea that it was the Britishs fault for the loss of so many lives in Gallipoli. The British were said to be drinking tea when the Australians were fighting. The officer who order the continuation of the assault at The Nek has a British accent in the movie when he was actually Australian. This shows that many people think that in was the British who killed the Australians. Most sources tell of Australia as a country with a red, barren and harsh environment. Most people then onl...

A Guide to Vertebrates and Invertebrates

A Guide to Vertebrates and Invertebrates Animal classification is a matter of sorting out similarities and differences, of placing animals in groups and then breaking those groups apart into subgroups. The whole endeavor creates a structure- a hierarchy in which the large high-level groups sort out bold and obvious differences, while the low-level groups tease apart subtle, almost imperceptible, variations. This sorting process enables scientists to describe evolutionary relationships, identify shared traits, and highlight unique characteristics down through the various levels of animal groups and subgroups. Among the most basic criteria by which animals are sorted is whether or not they possess a backbone. This single trait places an animal into one of just two groups: the vertebrates or the invertebrates and represents a fundamental division among all animals alive today as well as those that have long ago disappeared. If we are to know anything about an animal, we should first aim to determine whether it is an invertebrate or a vertebrate. Well then be on our way to understanding its place within the animal world. What are Vertebrates? Vertebrates (Subphylum Vertebrata) are animals that possess an internal skeleton (endoskeleton) that includes a backbone made up of a column of vertebrae (Keeton, 1986:1150). The Subphylum Vertebrata is a group within the Phylum Chordata (commonly called the chordates) and as such inherits the characteristics of all chordates: bilateral symmetrybody segmentationendoskeleton (bony or cartilaginous)pharyngeal pouches (present during some stage of development)complete digestive systemventral heartclosed blood systemtail (at some stage of development) In addition to the traits listed above, vertebrates possess one additional trait that makes them unique among chordates: the presence of a backbone. There are a few groups of chordates that do not possess a backbone (these organisms are not vertebrates and are instead referred to as invertebrate chordates). The animal classes that are vertebrates include: Jawless fish (Class Agnatha)Armored fish (Class Placodermi) - extinctCartilaginous fish (Class Chondrichthyes)Bony fish (Class Osteichthyes)Amphibians (Class Amphibia)Reptiles (Class Reptilia)Birds (Class Aves)Mammals (Class Mammalia) What are Invertebrates? Invertebrates are a broad collection of animal groups (they do not belong to a single subphylum like the vertebrates) all of which lack a backbone. Some (not all) of the animal groups that are invertebrates include: Sponges (Phylum Porifera)Jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, corals (Phylum Cnidaria)Comb jellies (Phylum Ctenophora)Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca)Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)Segmented worms (Phylum Annelida)Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata) In total, there are at least 30 groups of invertebrates that scientists have identified to date. A vast proportion, 97 percent, of animal species alive today are invertebrates. The earliest of all animals to have evolved were invertebrates and the various forms that have developed during their long evolutionary past is highly diverse. All invertebrates are ectotherms, that is they do not produce their own body heat but instead acquire it from their environment.